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10 Black Philosophers Who Helped Spark Black Consciousness

Marcus Garvey

Marcus Garvey was a Jamaican political leader, publisher, journalist and entrepreneur who was a strong proponent of the Black nationalism movement and the Pan-Africanism movement. Garvey founded the Black Star Line, which promoted the return of the African diaspora, and founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL).

Malcolm X

Born Malcolm Little, the human rights activist is arguably one of the most well-known Black philosophers of his time. While many remember him as a rather controversial figure, his most loyal followers celebrate him as a courageous advocate for the rights of Black people who also held white America accountable for crimes against the Black community.

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